Accurate conversion between Pascals (Pa) and inches of water (inH₂O) for HVAC duct pressure measurements, ventilation system design, and air flow calculations.
Conversion Factor
1 Pascal (Pa) = 0.0040147 inH₂O | 1 inH₂O = 248.84 Pa
Precision: 2 Decimal Places | Formula: inH₂O = Pa × 0.0040147
Understanding these essential pressure units for HVAC systems, duct design, and air flow measurements.
Pascal to Inch of Water Conversion
1 Pascal (Pa) = 0.0040147 inches of water (inH₂O)
1 inch of water (inH₂O) = 248.84 Pascals (Pa)
inH₂O = Pa × 0.0040147
Pa = inH₂O × 248.84
Convert 248.84 Pascals to inches of water:
inH₂O = Pa × 0.0040147
inH₂O = 248.84 × 0.0040147
inH₂O = 1.0 (with 0 decimal places)
Convert 5 inches of water to Pascals:
Pa = inH₂O × 248.84
Pa = 5 × 248.84
Pa = 1244.2 (with 1 decimal place)
Note: These conversions are standard for HVAC pressure measurements at 20°C (68°F)
The SI unit of pressure, defined as one newton per square meter (N/m²). It's the standard metric unit for pressure measurements in scientific and engineering applications.
Equivalents:
Note: Pascals are the official SI unit for pressure measurements
A non-SI unit of pressure based on the pressure exerted by a column of water one inch high at 20°C. Commonly used in HVAC for measuring low pressure differences in air systems.
Equivalents:
Note: Also known as "inch of water gauge" (iwg) in HVAC terminology
| Pascals (Pa) | inH₂O | Millibars (mbar) | psi | Typical HVAC Use |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24.88 | 0.1 inH₂O | 0.2488 mbar | 0.0036 psi | Air velocity measurements |
| 248.84 | 1 inH₂O | 2.4884 mbar | 0.0361 psi | Standard duct pressure |
| 497.68 | 2 inH₂O | 4.9768 mbar | 0.0723 psi | Fan static pressure |
| 746.52 | 3 inH₂O | 7.4652 mbar | 0.1084 psi | Medium pressure systems |
| 995.36 | 4 inH₂O | 9.9536 mbar | 0.1445 psi | High pressure ducts |
| 1244.20 | 5 inH₂O | 12.4420 mbar | 0.1807 psi | Industrial ventilation |
Common questions about Pascals, inches of water, and HVAC pressure measurements.
One inch of water (inH₂O) is equal to 248.84 Pascals (Pa) at 20°C (68°F). This is the standard conversion used in HVAC applications for duct pressure measurements:
1 inH₂O = 248.84 Pa
1 Pa = 0.0040147 inH₂O
Inches of Water to Pascals: Pa = inH₂O × 248.84
Pascals to Inches of Water: inH₂O = Pa × 0.0040147
This conversion is essential for HVAC system design, air flow calculations, and pressure drop measurements in ductwork systems.
HVAC professionals traditionally use inches of water (inH₂O) for several practical reasons:
This converter bridges both measurement systems, allowing HVAC professionals to work with their preferred units while maintaining accuracy and compliance with industry standards.
Temperature affects the density of water, which impacts the pressure exerted by a column of water:
This converter uses the standard 20°C conversion factor (1 inH₂O = 248.84 Pa), which is appropriate for nearly all HVAC design and field applications.
HVAC systems operate within specific pressure ranges depending on their application:
Understanding these pressure ranges is critical for proper system design, equipment selection, and performance verification. This converter makes it easy to work with both unit systems across all these pressure ranges.
The required accuracy for pressure conversions depends on the specific HVAC application:
This converter defaults to 2 decimal places (industry standard) but allows adjustment from 0 to 4 decimal places to accommodate all HVAC application requirements, from quick field measurements to precise engineering calculations.
Common HVAC pressure measurements for duct design and air flow calculations.
| Pascals (Pa) | inH₂O | Millibars (mbar) | psi | Common HVAC Uses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24.88 Pa | 0.1 inH₂O | 0.2488 mbar | 0.0036 psi | Air velocity, minor pressure differences |
| 124.42 Pa | 0.5 inH₂O | 1.2442 mbar | 0.0181 psi | Residential duct pressure |
| 248.84 Pa | 1.0 inH₂O | 2.4884 mbar | 0.0361 psi | Standard commercial duct pressure |
| 497.68 Pa | 2.0 inH₂O | 4.9768 mbar | 0.0723 psi | Fan static pressure rating |
| 746.52 Pa | 3.0 inH₂O | 7.4652 mbar | 0.1084 psi | Medium pressure systems |
| 995.36 Pa | 4.0 inH₂O | 9.9536 mbar | 0.1445 psi | High pressure ductwork |
| 1244.20 Pa | 5.0 inH₂O | 12.4420 mbar | 0.1807 psi | Industrial ventilation systems |
| 2488.40 Pa | 10.0 inH₂O | 24.8840 mbar | 0.3613 psi | High-pressure industrial systems |
| 4976.80 Pa | 20.0 inH₂O | 49.7680 mbar | 0.7226 psi | Specialized industrial applications |
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